What is simulation distance in Minecraft: Java Edition 1.18?

Minecraft is a game that has grown in complexity over the years despite keeping its simple premise and gameplay, and much of this complexity is seen behind the scenes in the game's internal framework.

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Minecraft 1.18 Caves and Cliffs Part 2 Update: Features, Release

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Minecraft 1.18 Snapshot 21w38a (Simulation Distance Parity

Simulation distance – Minecraft Wiki

Mob Spawning Simulation Distance Render Distance

Minecraft 1.18 snapshot brings Simulation Distance to Java Edition

Minecraft: Java Edition - 1.18 – Minecraft Feedback

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What the hell is this fog HOW DO I TURN IT OFF (1.18) : r/Minecraft